There is a large number of features by which you can classify the equipment. The most common classification is by technological and constructive features. According to the technological feature, woodworking equipment is subdivided into wood-cutting general and special purpose, gluing and assembling, pressing, finishing and drying. There also appeared multi-operating automatic machines and lines in which various combinations of technological operations are performed (machining, facing, assembling, drying, etc.).
Barking machines.
In modern production, mainly three types of debarking machines are used: rotary with blunted bark extractors, calipers with milling heads and hydraulic. The most widespread in our country are rotary type machines. Blunted bark extractors are fixed in a rotating rotor. Centering of a log in the rotor axis is automatic. The pressure force is created by springs, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders. Depending on the condition of the wood, this force is taken as 750 … 1750 Н. Bark is removed along the cambium layer.
Sawmill frames.
Sawing frames are designed for longitudinal sawing of logs and boards into sawn timber. Sawing is performed by one or more band saws stretched in the saw frame and making up the saw compound.
Depending on their specialization saw frames are divided into two groups: general purpose and special purpose. General purpose frames are designed for sawing logs and boards into sawn timber with installation in stationary sawmills. By design features they can be one-story (P63, P80) and two-story (2R50, 2R63, 2R80, 2R100). Depending on the production technology the frames can be of the first (2R63-1) and second (2R63-2) row. General-purpose frames are always equipped with four-shaft feed mechanism.
Special-purpose sawmills include: horizontal (RG), short-row (RK), tare (RT) and mobile (RPM) sawmills. The peculiarity of horizontal saw frame is that the saw frame, carrying one saw blade, moves in horizontal direction. Longitudinal feed of a log is made by a cart. Feed to the thickness of the sawn board is made by the slide of the saw frame. They are designed for cutting logs of valuable species as well as for sawing vanches in plywood production.
Short saw frames are designed for sawing logs up to 3 m in length. Their peculiarity is the eight-shaft feed mechanism for reliable support of short logs during sawing.
Tare sawmills are used for sawing of logs into boards with thickness up to 6 mm with insignificant wood wastage into sawdust due to thin to (1 mm) saw blade.
Mobile sawmills are used in temporary sawmills, on forest plots. They are installed on movable platforms and transported to the place of destination without disassembly by tractors and trucks.
To cut sawn timber, billets and sheet materials (plywood, joinery, chipboard and fiberboard) into blanks and parts, circular saws and band saws are used.
Circular sawing machines.
Circular saws are used for cutting lumber, blanks, plate materials (plywood, fiberboard, chipboard).
Depending on the technological purpose circular sawing machines are divided into cross-cutting, longitudinal and mixed cutting machines.
Machines for cross cutting are used for cutting the material along the length into rough blanks and for precise facing of parts. Machines are available with a saw feed to the material to be cut and with a material feed to the saws. In machines with saw feed, the saw blade path can be arc and straight. The saw blade is positioned in relation to the material at the top or bottom.
All cross-cutting machines are called end trimming machines. Crosscut saws with arc saw feed are the balancing machines and pendulum machines. The most common are the straight saw-guided trimmers, which include the pivot and the slide ones. The clamping crosscut saws provide a more precise cut than the pivoting ones.