Almost all branches of the logging and woodworking industries are discrete production types by their characteristics. There are many products of the same type. The main defining parameters of the manufactured products are discrete in nature. General-purpose processing equipment is widely used. A characteristic feature of such discrete production is, first and foremost, the complexity of analyzing its performance indicators. In addition, such production is difficult to organize and manage.

The specialization of production, which is typical for modern woodworking enterprises, makes it possible to use technological processes of mass and batch production on a large scale. The main technical and economic characteristics of technological processes of mass and batch production are productivity, economic efficiency, and reliability. Since increasing productivity and economic efficiency is one of the main tasks of designing new and modernizing old technological processes and production systems, the proposed engineering and economic solutions should be aimed at fulfilling these urgent tasks. Accordingly, and for the sake of the interests of the entire society, the woodworking industry faces the following large and important tasks

• Increasing labor productivity and economic efficiency of production by increasing the level of automation, rationalizing equipment and technological processes, and introducing new forms of production organization and management;
• optimization of technological processes to achieve the highest efficiency;
• introduction of flexible automated production based on the use of robotic devices and computers;
• optimization of organization and management at different levels of production on the basis of modern economic and mathematical methods and computer tools.

The peculiarity of these tasks is the need for accelerated development of the fundamental branch of science for woodworking – technology, economics and management based on technical cybernetics, computer technology, and extensive mathematization of applied knowledge.

Every woodworking process requires a certain amount of time, energy, raw materials and other components necessary for the process to go smoothly. To ensure that the process is carried out in a targeted, technology-driven manner, relevant information is also required. As a result of the interaction of material, energy and information components of the technological process within the framework of the overall technological scheme, the final product is obtained at the output of the process, which has certain information characteristics about its properties.

In the real conditions of woodworking production, it is impossible to localize the above-mentioned components of the technological process – material, energy and information – in space. Raw materials, for example, are used in the technological process as the basis of the material component. But the same raw material also carries information about its properties, certain process requirements, and the characteristics of future products. Similarly, the control system can perform joint functions with the energy conversion system.

In the analyzed structure, information is the most meaningful and, at the same time, the most flexible component of the technological process. It includes all the initial information (about raw materials, modes, required parameters and characteristics of the final product), working or operational information (about the current values of controlled and managed parameters) and control information, which is used to keep the process in a given mode.

The most conservative and practically uncontrollable in terms of targeted changes in properties is the material component. Therefore, all management in the structure of information should be aimed at the fullest use of the available material component within the framework of a given technology. However, highly efficient organization and management are possible only if the physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical and technological foundations of work processes are comprehensively studied.

A characteristic feature of wood processing processes is that the object of processing itself belongs to biological objects that have their own history of development.

The post Features of woodworking production functioning appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.

The purpose of the process of gluing wood materials is not only to increase their linear dimensions, but also to ensure the form stability of finished structures during operation.

Gluing lamellas of solid wood along the edges with their subsequent facing allows to create wide panels, which are used in the furniture industry and have a number of advantages as compared to chipboard and fiberboard panels. Properly made, laminated solid laminated wood materials are less susceptible to moisture exposure and less prone to warping than other wood materials. Let us find out together what compulsory elements a joinery panel must be made of, and how the producers guarantee its form stability and resistance to external influences.

Classic joinery board is a standardised wood-based material consisting of three layers. The middle layer consists of parallel, glued or unglued bars. On the front and back sides the lamellas are lined with one or two layers of veneer or glued plywood, observing the perpendicular direction of wood fibres in the adjacent layers. Gluing several layers by thickness does not increase the thickness of the product, but creates a composite material of increased form stability.

For making the inner layers of joinery boards boards boards, bars or lamellas are used – planed lumber or parts designed to be glued into a multilayer glued element. The width of lamellas should be no more than 40 mm for boards of standard precision, and 20 mm for boards of increased precision. The smaller the linear dimensions of the boards, the less influence of anisotropy on their performance properties, which ensures dimensional and shape constancy during operation. When used in layers of lamellas, glued along the length on a toothed spike, the form stability of the boards and, accordingly, the finished products is further increased.

Three-layer construction of the panel prevents warping, since the stresses in the wood arising from shrinkage and swelling are restrained by the adjacent glued layers.

Furniture boards are produced in thicknesses of 16 to 30 mm, widths of 1220 to 1525 mm and lengths of 1525 to 2500 mm.

A single-layer furniture board made of lamellas glued together at the edges on a smooth joint is not a joinery board, as there is no cross-gluing of the layers. During use, its shape is capable of changing, which can even lead to the destruction of glue joints. The nature of warping can be different and depends on the direction of the fibers in adjacent lamellae. Even the use of radial lamellas alone cannot completely prevent the warpage of such structures.

The post Furniture board or carpentry board? appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.

In furniture manufacturing, such machines are a major necessity, as they are able to produce decor, complex parts of various wooden structures. They are also used in carpentry shops, manufacturing, and industrial woodworking.

The structure of the lathe is adapted to perform various tasks. All its working elements are located on a powerful platform. The turning mechanism includes a spindle and two headstocks, one front and one rear. The rear one only fixes the workpiece, while the front one rotates with the workpiece. The workpiece is shaped by a turning cutter, which moves with the help of a movable sled. The cutter is a consumable, but at the same time it is the main element of the lathe. For each new task, you can install a different type and shape of cutter and get a completely different product.

The spindle speed is necessarily adjustable, which makes it possible to turn parts of different shapes and process wood of different hardnesses. The adjustment is usually stepwise, allowing you to select up to five speeds. Household models are equipped with electronic adjustment.

There are wood and metal lathes. They are similar in structure, but in a metal lathe, the workpiece is fed automatically, and in a wood lathe, the feed is manual. The cutting element is brought to the workpiece manually.

Types of lathes:

Desktop (attached to a workbench, table, window sill) – mobile and compact in size. It weighs up to 20 kilograms and is suitable for small parts.
Small-scale – this unit is 5 times heavier in weight, so it is installed permanently. Power reaches up to half a kilowatt. It is used in the mass production of elements for furniture and decorative products.
Production – its drive power is above 1 kilowatt, it is powerful and very heavy. Three-phase voltage is required. The functions of such equipment are usually extended – it is possible to install various cutters, additional devices, and a copier. This is an industrial unit not for home use.

When choosing a machine for home or production work, we focus on the following performance indicators:

Electric drive power;
Spindle speed and the ability to adjust it;
Distance between the headstocks;
The maximum acceptable diameter of the turning.

The post Turning equipment appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.

Not only does a CNC router add interest and beauty to your work, but just watching the machine dance around the workpiece, methodically and accurately creating beautiful carvings is a pleasure. A CNC milling machine can also be a tireless helper in the hand-carving workshop.

THREE ELEMENTS.

1. There are many images on the Internet, especially on CNC sites.
   So how do you begin carving wood on a CNC machine? There are three basic elements to consider: the artwork, the type of work, and the carving process. First, we need a digital image. You can create your own or find one online. You need specialized software to create a three-dimensional image suitable for carving. Vectric Aspire, Rhino and 3D Systems Geomagic Freeform are some of the many examples of software that can create 3D models suitable for carving on a CNC machine.

Creating files for milling requires CAM software that can handle 3D digital images. Once you have found a 3D image file and loaded it into your CAM software, the model can be scaled: enlarged or reduced, made deeper or shallower, narrowed or expanded, made taller or shorter to suit your requirements.

2. Roughly milled workpiece on a CNC machine, ready for manual machining.
   Carving on a CNC milling machine is usually done in high relief style. The carved area can be located below the surrounding surface as a pocket or recess, or it can be carved so that it rises above the surrounding surface. Another option is to create a carving that is cut from the source material and can then be attached to panels, architectural elements, etc.

The third step is to set parameters and create instructions for the CNC milling machine.
Milling a three-dimensional pattern is usually done in two steps. The first is rough cutting, which removes the bulk of the material, leaving a recognizable, low-resolution image. A straight spiral drill is suitable for this operation because it cuts and removes chips efficiently.

The second step is finishing, for which a cutter with a spherical end is used, as it is capable of making smooth, precise cuts. Depending on the size and level of detail of the threads, combinations of 1/4″ roughing and 1/4″ finish drill with spherical end, 1/4″ roughing and 1/8″ finish drill with spherical end, or 1/4″ roughing and 1/16″ finish drill with tapered spherical end are commonly used. For smaller jobs, a 1/8″ roughing drill bit might work, and a 1/32″ drill bit with a spherical end might work for finishing.

There’s more to it than just choosing a combination of cutters. The difference between excellent and average milling comes down to pitch and lateral speed parameters when setting up files for milling. Pitch is the distance between tool passes during the operation. The larger the pitch, the faster the cutting process, but less detail. A smaller step means longer process time, but higher detail. Generally, the roughing speed can be controlled with a maximum step and a side speed. Finishing cutting, however, requires some care to find the right balance between detail and production time. One last tip: when you go from rough cut to finish cut, don’t forget to zero the z-axis height!

3. Going from roughing threads on a CNC machine to final, hand-carved threads makes each piece unique.

Time to confess: I’m a wood carver at heart and prefer hand tools, but I’ve found that a CNC router and band saw can be great helpers in preparing materials. Let’s say you need to cut a dozen top covers for wrapping Christmas presents. You can program the CNC milling machine to make only a rough design. After that, you will need to bring the carving to life in a way that the machine can’t, with crisp detailing and hand texturing.

The post Wood machining on a cnc milling machine appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.

The simple and short answer is yes, MDF can be planed. However, the hard fiber structure of MDF can prevent a planer from smoothly removing chips from the surface, which can cause the fibers to break and tear, damaging the surface. It can also affect tool life by dulling the blade.

This article provides a detailed guide to planing MDF with a discussion of factors to consider when planing, as well as some alternatives to planing MDF.

DIFFICULTIES IN PLANING MDF
MDF can certainly be planed, but planing MDF can be more difficult than planing plywood or other materials. This is due to its dense, fibrous structure and the presence of a resin-based binder, which makes it difficult to remove the material from the surface. The high glue content and firmly bonded wood fibers make it difficult to plan MDF, damaging and blunting the planing knives over time.

Therefore, the use of unsuitable tools or improper planing can damage the surface of the MDF board, making it unusable. In addition, the resin in MDF contains urea-formaldehyde, which is a toxic substance, and the dust produced by planing MDF can cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation.

WHAT DO I HAVE TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANING MDF?
A COMPARISON BETWEEN PLANING WITH A PLANER AND A HAND PLANER

Manual planing involves using a hand planer, which is cheaper than a planer, but takes more effort and time.

While a planer can provide the ability to plan the MDF surface quickly, a hand planer allows you to feel the feedback from the surface being planed and adjust the planing force accordingly.

As a result, the hand planer minimizes the risk of damaging the MDF workpiece during planing.

If, in your case, you need to plan a large surface to reduce the thickness of the MDF sheet, we recommend using a planer.

However, when planing MDF, regardless of the type of equipment used, maintain a shallow depth of cut to avoid tearing the fibers and damaging the workpiece.

BLADE REQUIREMENTS WHEN PLANING MDF
When planing MDF, always use a sharp blade to prevent damage to the surface.

Depending on your requirements, use the proper blade angle that determines the depth of cut. Use a greater blade angle for deeper cuts and vice versa.

Make sure that the depth of cut is not too deep, as this can damage the inner layers of the MDF and dull the tool blades.

WORKPIECE CLAMPING
Always ensure that the MDF workpiece is properly clamped to the work table.

Properly securing the workpiece ensures minimal vibration during planing, preventing damage to the workpiece and possible injury.

CONSEQUENCES OF PLANING MDF
Planing exposes pores and voids in the layers of the MDF workpiece, so always use a primer to cover these holes before painting the surface.

A minimum of two coats of paint are required after planing the MDF, as the first coat soaks into the surface and the second adheres to it, ensuring an even coating.

In general, MDF has a certain amount of water resistance and can withstand a little water exposure without significant damage.

However, planing the MDF exposes its pores, and any exposure to water will cause moisture to seep through these pores, damaging the MDF workpiece.

A planer is usually preferred for planing the edges or sides of the MDF workpiece, but if your case requires planing the face of a large MDF sheet, another tool is recommended.

To reduce the thickness of a large sheet, it is usually advisable to use a cutting or sanding tool to remove the necessary amount of material, followed by machining to improve the surface quality.

ALTERNATIVES TO PLANING MDF
Generally, it is not necessary to plan the face of MDF to reduce its thickness. However, if the need arises, there are several alternative methods that can be used to remove the necessary amount of material and then finish the surface as desired.

The post Can I plan mdf? appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.

Woodworking is a fairly complex process, associated with the transformation of color, size and configuration of wooden parts of different types of wood. The amount of equipment used to process this material is really great. Woodworking exhibitions offer and demonstrate a variety of equipment and materials for woodworking and production of rounded logs, furniture, house building from wood and other branches of woodworking, including tools and lines for solid wood processing, special equipment for furniture production and house building, machines for format and profile finishing and sanding, production of plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, etc.

Wood processing equipment also includes specialized laminating lines, board laying and transporting equipment, edge banding tools, various bonding presses, machining centers. Sawing equipment, sawing tools and mobile sawmills stand out in the woodworking industry. These also include sawing machines, band and circular saws, and various drying equipment.

Combined woodworking machines are very popular and in demand today, allowing to perform several different tasks with one tool.

The post History of woodworking appeared first on Rec-Wood-Pallet2DVa.